一种基于LIDAR的精确月球软着陆目标点选定方法

研究了月球探测器不设悬停阶段的精确软着陆运动中实时目标着陆点的自主选定方法．其过程包括着陆器运动补偿、数字高程图（DEM）的生成、障碍识别和最优安全着陆点搜索4个步骤．采用LIDAR敏感器,由经过运动补偿得到的斜距数据生成DEM,给出一种月面地形坡度和粗糙度的定义,根据安全着陆区的判据进行障碍识别,最后设计中心螺旋式搜索方法对探测器最优安全着陆点进行搜索选定．通过仿真验证了本文方法的有效性和优越性．     

深空探测下行测距调制度变化的现象和机理分析

文章对统一S波段应答机下行测距调制度随上行信噪比以及工作模式的不同而不同的现象进行了分析,推导出计算公式,并和实测数据进行了比对。实测数据与文中的理论分析的结果是一致的。另外,文章也说明了测距下行调制度变化的具体计算公式将随不同应答机模型不同而不同。在设计计算时,应当对具体的应答机转发模型进行分析,而不能简单引用CCSDS标准所给出的公式。     

银纳米线的合成及其透明导电膜的性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备银纳米线(AgNWs),通过控制实验过程中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和硝酸银的比例及氯离子与银离子的摩尔比研究这些参数对AgNWs长度及直径的 影响。研究发现,当PVP与硝酸银的摩尔比为4.5∶1且氯离子与银离子的摩尔比为2∶85时,银纳米线具有较合适的长度及直径且在溶液中具有优越的分散性,适合于导电膜的制备。采用该参数银纳米线制备出的导电膜最高品质因子达到24,高于掺锡氧化铟(Indium tin oxide,ITO)薄膜的品质因子9,且具有较好的抗弯折性能。结果表明,银纳米线透明导电薄膜在有机太阳能电池(Organic photovoltain,OPV)和有机发光二极管(Orgnic light emitting diode,OLED)等柔性电子器件领域有很大的应用潜力。     

高动态环境扩频系统伪码延时的精确估计方法

针对在高动态环境直接扩频系统伪码延时测量所遇到的问题,分析了多普勒频移对伪码延时的影响.利用扩展卡尔曼算法(EKF)对高动态直接扩频信号的载波相位和频率进行了估计,并利用载波辅助技术测量载波相位的变化值来校正伪码延时环,减小多普勒频移对伪码延时的影响,得到了精确的延时估计值,提高了伪码延时锁定环的动态跟踪性能.     

伴星测距数传一体化系统研究

提出了在空间站通信系统中将测距和高速数传功能一体化的新方案,其原理是利用AOS （高级在轨系统）插入服务实现统一信道中伪码测距。对其实现原理进行了详细的分析 ,表明该方案原理简单,便于实现。最后通过仿真实验,验证了此方案的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于分组截短PN码的SOFDM信道估计方法

基于PN序列的信道估计方法的特点是计算过程简明,已被广泛应用在地面无线局域网系统中。在卫星正交频分多路复用传输体制(SOFDM)系统中引入传统PN序列信道估计方法的主要问题在于卫星信道的多径延时远大于SOFDM数据符号的持续时间,信道特性比较复杂,使得传统方法的估计精度严重下降。提出了一种改进的方法,根据信道的近似周期特性对数据帧进行合理的等长度分组,并把长PN序列改为短PN码来跟踪信道局部特性的变化,再对分组后的数据子帧分别进行信道估计。对该方法的设计思想进行了理论分析,并通过仿真验证了该方法的估计精度比传统方法至少提高了10倍。     

Prospects in the orbital and rotational dynamics of the Moon with the advent of sub-centimeter lunar laser ranging

Lunar laser ranging (LLR) measurements are crucial for advanced exploration of the laws of fundamental gravitational physics and geophysics as well as for future human and robotic missions to the Moon. The corner-cube reflectors (CCR) currently on the Moon require no power and still work perfectly since their installation during the project Apollo era. Current LLR technology allows us to measure distances to the Moon with a precision approaching 1 mm. As NASA pursues the vision of taking humans back to the Moon, new, more precise laser ranging applications will be demanded, including continuous tracking from more sites on Earth, placing new CCR arrays on the Moon, and possibly installing other devices such as transponders, etc. for multiple scientific and technical purposes. Since this effort involves humans in space, then in all situations the accuracy, fidelity, and robustness of the measurements, their adequate interpretation, and any products based on them, are of utmost importance. Successful achievement of this goal strongly demands further significant improvement of the theoretical model of the orbital and rotational dynamics of the Earth–Moon system. This model should inevitably be based on the theory of general relativity, fully incorporate the relevant geophysical processes, lunar librations, tides, and should rely upon the most recent standards and recommendations of the IAU for data analysis. This paper discusses methods and problems in developing such a mathematical model. The model will take into account all the classical and relativistic effects in the orbital and rotational motion of the Moon and Earth at the sub-centimeter level. The model is supposed to be implemented as a part of the computer code underlying NASA Goddard’s orbital analysis and geophysical parameter estimation package GEODYN and the ephemeris package PMOE 2003 of the Purple Mountain Observatory. The new model will allow us to navigate a spacecraft precisely to a location on the Moon. It will also greatly improve our understanding of the structure of the lunar interior and the nature of the physical interaction at the core–mantle interface layer. The new theory and upcoming millimeter LLR will give us the means to perform one of the most precise fundamental tests of general relativity in the solar system.     

通过卫星电视秒脉冲对同步卫星定位的方法及其观测几何强度的计算

本文阐述了利用卫星电视信号的秒脉冲对同步卫星定位的若干方法。给出了在各种观测方法中,地面测站与同步卫星所构成的几何图形强度因子的计算公式。并对具体问题进行了分析计算,取得了一些结论。关键词      

High performance motion control for optical satellite tracking systems

This paper investigates the motion control system of an optical telescope system used for precision satellite tracking and ranging applications. The system uses direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for high precision positioning. To overcome the performance limitations due to system dynamics and position dependent plant variations, a disturbance observer based control system is utilized. This paper contributes the detailed analysis, design and implementation of such an advanced control concept for the performance improvement of precision satellite tracking systems. Satellite tracking experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed system. Utilizing the proposed control concept, the RMS servo error is reduced by a factor of 3.8 to well below the arcsecond range, achieving seeing limited tracking.     

First laser measurements to space debris in Poland

The Borowiec Satellite Laser Ranging station (BORL 7811, Borowiec) being a part of the Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences (SRC PAS) went through modernization in 2014–2015. One of the main tasks of the modernization was the installation of a high-energy laser module dedicated to space debris tracking. Surelite III by Continuum is a Nd:YAG pulse laser with 10?Hz repetition rate, a pulse width of 3–5?ns and a pulse energy of 450?mJ for green (532?nm). This new laser unit was integrated with the SLR system at Borowiec performing standard satellite tracking. In 2016 BORL 7811 participated actively to the observational campaigns related to the space debris targets from LEO region managed by the Space Debris Study Group (SDSG) of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS).Currently, Borowiec station regularly tracks 36 space debris from the LEO regime, including typical rocket bodies (Russian/Chinese) and cooperative targets like the inactive TOPEX/Poseidon, ENVISAT, OICETS and others. In this paper the first results of space debris laser measurements obtained by the Borowiec station in period August 2016 – January 2017 are presented. The results gained by the SRC PAS Borowiec station confirm the rotation of the defunct TOPEX/Poseidon satellite which spins with a period of approximately 10?s. The novelty of this work is the presentation of the sample results of the Chinese CZ-2C R/B target (NORAD catalogue number 31114) which is equipped (probably) with retroreflectors. Laser measurements to space debris is a very desirable topic for the next years, especially in the context of the Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) activity. Some targets are very easy to track like defunct ENVISAT or TOPEX/Poseidon. On the other hand, there is a big population of different LEO targets with different orbital and physical parameters, which are challenging for laser ranging like small irregular debris and rocket boosters.